First draft: November 1996
as a publication of the Feminist Archive Bradford (Now Feminist Archive North)

Compiled and with commentary by Elizabeth Arledge Ross and Miriam L. Bearse
Edited by Karen E. Boyl with the Oral History Project Advisory Group

ISBN: 185143 154 3

The Archive Advisory group for the academic year 1994-1995 comprised Elizabeth Arledge Ross, Jalna Hanmer, Sandra McNeill, Alison Garthwaite and Karen Boyle. In October 1995, when Miriam Bearse became the project researcher, Marina Sarjeant and Deborah Smith joined the Advisory group. Jalna Hanmer and Sandra McNeill are also trustees of the archive.

Many thanks to the following women who have supported the project by agreeing to be interviewed: Lee Corner, Louise Lavender, Alison Garthwaite, Sandra McNeill, Jalna Hanmer, Sheila Jeffreys, Elizabeth Shorrocks, Nancy MacKeith, Yvonne Stringfellow, Sara Dixon, Elsie Dawson, June Butt, Janet Davidson, Julia Moore, Karen Griffiths, Angela Douglas, Sarah Lockyer, Errollyn Bruce, Maria Spellacy, Wendy Collins, Sheila Allen, Annette Stansfield and Jane Tate.

References to Oral History Project interviews in the text refer to the approved transcripts from the OHP, with the interviewee acknowledged and numbered chronologically. These transcripts are available for consultation in the Feminist Archive North.

Web Citations used in this Chronology:

~	Abortion Rights.org
~	Additional Personal Allowance for wife’s incapacity, from HM Customs & Revenue
~	Airs, Carole (1980) Dykes in the Granite City, Gay Left News, Vol 10, pp. 22-23
~	Anderson, Elizabeth Garret – bio, from Spartacus Educational
~	Association of Radical Midwives
~	Benyon, William– page from Oswestry Borough Council
~	Berwick Street Collective (1972-75) – Nightcleaners Part 1,from Internet Movie Database
~	Bindel, Julie (2006) Marching to FreedomThe Guardian, 22 November, 2006
~	Black Women for Wages for Housework
~	Bradford Rape Crisis
~	Bradford Women’s Aid
~	British Federation of Women Graduates
~	British Pregnancy Advisory Service
~	Byrne, Paul* (1996) The Politics of the Women’s Movement. Parliamentary Affairs 49, pp 55-70
~	Campaign for Legal and Financial Independence, AKA the Fifth Demand Group – papers of Mary McIntosh, from Genesis archive index
~	Child Benefits
~	Cliff, Tony (1984) Class Struggle and Women’s Liberation[particularly Chapter 11 – The WLM in Britain], from the Marxist Internet Archive
~	Cohen, Steve – Solidarity Not Pity, from Deletetheborder.org (Cohen defended Nasira Begum)
~	Colquhoun, Maureenbio from Wikipedia
~	Conway, Terry (2004) On Defending the 67 Abortion Act, from Socialist Unity Network
~	Coultas, Val* (1981) Feminists Must Face the Future, Feminist Review, No. 7 (Spring, 1981), pp. 35-48
~	Davin, Anna* (1980) Historian’s Notebook: The London Feminist History Group. History Workshop Journal9: 192-194
~	Documents from the Women’s Liberation Movement: An Online Archival Collection at Duke University (US)
~	E. Efe Çakmak, Juliet Mitchell, Bülent Somay (2006) There is never a psychopathology without the social context: An interview with Juliet Mitchell, from Eurozine
~	Edinburgh Women’s Aid
~	Equal Pay Act of 1970
~	Essex University: About the University
~	Fairburns, Zoe (2003) Women’s Demands in the Feminist Seventies and Now.York, UK: Raw Nerve Books
~	Fat is Still a Feminist Issue(2002) Shanghai Daily Star (Interview with Susie Orbach)
~	Feminist Archive South
~	Feminist Seventies Conferenceat the University of York, April 2002
~	Feminists and Flourbombs(2002) – a Channel 4 documentary about the Miss World protests in 1970
~	Fighting the Bill(1970) – Cinema Action documentary against the Industrial Relations Bill, info from British Film Institute Screenonline
~	Freeman, Jo (1970) The Tyranny of Structurelessness, from The Struggle Site
~	Full wording of the 1967 Abortion Actfrom Education for Choice
~	German, Lindsey (2002) Women: Give Us a Break! Socialist Review, Issue 265
~	German, Lindsey (2003) Women’s Liberation Today. International Socialism Journal, Issue 101
~	Goodman, Amy (1985) The Case Against Depo Provera, Multinational Monitor6 (2/3)
~	Graham, et al. (2003) The Feminist SeventiesYork, UK: Raw Nerve Books
~	Hamilton, Angus (nd) Crime and the Lesbian and Gay Client(on the legal ramifications of the SOA 1967)
~	Hanmer, Jalna – Making Connections: Researching Gendered Violence
~	Harriss, Kathryn* (1989) New Alliances: Socialist-Feminism in the Eighties. Feminist Review, No. 31, The Past before Us: Twenty Years of Feminism (Spring, 1989), pp. 34-54
~	Heath, Edward (1970) British Conservative Party Election Manifesto
~	History of Equal pay strikeat Trico-Folberth factory, from Trades Union Congress (TUC)
~	History of Gay Pridefrom Lesbian Life at About.com
~	History of Mastectomy Association, from Breastcancer Care
~	Hoggart, Leslie (nd) Feminist Principles meet Political Reality: the case of the National Abortion Campaign, from ProChoice Forum
~	Hudson, Anne-Murray (1983) SWAPO: Solidarity With Our SistersReview of African Political Economy– Vol. 10 No. 27/28 [abstract only]
~	Industrial Relations Bill(1971) – Short film by Conrad Aitkinson, info from Tate Museum
~	Instructional Filmsmade by the Women’s National Cancer Control Campaign
~	International Women’s Day – Global register of yearly events
~	International Women’s Day Historyfrom LeicestHERday
~	James, Selma – Women, Unions and Work (Quotes), from Livable Income
~	James, Selma (1973) Sex, Race and Classfrom Autonomy & Solidarity
~	James, Selma (2001) War: An Enemy of the Poor– Radio broadcast, from the National Radio Project[in MP3]
~	James, Selma , bio from recent lecture
~	Jeffreys, Sheila – Profile from More4
~	Johnston, Claire (1975) – The Nightcleaners (Part One): Rethinking Political Cinema. (Review) Jump Cut, no. 12/13, 1976, pp. 55-56 (reprinted from Spare Rib, No. 40, Oct. 1975)
~	Kahn, Mark* (1983) Book Review:From Sky Girl to Flight Attendant: Women and the Making of a Union, by Georgia Panter Nielsen. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Oct., 1983), pp. 126-128
~	La Leche League
~	Leeds Animation Workshop
~	Leeds United!(Film, 1974) – Internet Movie Database entry
~	Lefties: Angry Wimmin, a BBC4 Documentary on Revolutionary Feministsin Leeds
~	Lesbian Left Group
~	London Women’s Film Group, filmography from British Film Institute
~	London Women’s Liberation Campaign for Legal and Financial Independence and Rights of Women* (1979) Disaggregation Now! Another Battle for Women’s Independence. Feminist Review, No. 2 (1979), pp. 19-31
~	Louise Brown’s 25th birthday, from BBC News
~	Margaret ThatcherArchive
~	McIntosh, Mary (2001) Engendering Economic Policy: The Women’s Budget Group. Women: A Cultural Review 12 (2), pp 147 – 157
~	Mitchell, Juliet: Academic Biography, from Jesus Collegeat Cambridge University
~	National Campaign for Nursery Education
~	Northern Irish Women’s Aid
~	Onlywomen Press
~	Open Door Council
~	Orbach, Susie, bio from London School of Economics
~	O’Sullivan, Sue (2002) – Passion, Bitterness and Feminism(on publishing Spare Rib)
~	O’Sullivan, Sue* (1982) Passionate Beginnings: Ideological Politics 1969-72, Feminist Review, No. 11, Sexuality (Summer, 1982), pp. 70-86
~	Papers related to Women and Socialism conferences, from The Women’s Library Genesis Project
~	Phillips, Angela (2004) Defending Women’s Right to Choose, Socialist Worker 1926, Vol 6 November 2004
~	Pizzey, Erin, bio
~	Pizzey, Erin (1982) Prone to Violence, digital version of complete book
~	Red Ladder Theatre
~	Renn, Margaret (1997) An Act of Liberation, Socialist Review 213
~	Renn, Margaret (2004) We went into the workplaces to build for demo. Socialist Worker, Issue 1924
~	Review of the ‘Household Duties’ Test. listing from British Official Publications (BOPCRIS)
~	Roberts, Andrew: Table of Statutes(UK
~	Roche, Gertie– Leeds Garment Worker’s Strike leader – bio
~	Rowbotham, Sheila: on the 1969 Revolutionary Festival from the Essex 68website
~	Royal College of Midwives
~	Sagall, Sabby (2000) Struggles of the Past: The Car Warriors, from Socialist Review, No. 243 (on the Ford strike)
~	Scottish Women’s Aid
~	Select Committee on Violence in Marriage Report(1974-75) – publication details
~	Setch, Eve* (2002) The Face of Metropolitan Feminism: The London Women’s Liberation Workshop, 1969–79. Twentieth Century British History13(2):171-190
~	Sex Discrimination Act 1975, from the Women’s Equality Unit
~	Shelter – First UK organisation for the homeless, inspired by the 1966 film “Cathy Come Home“
~	Socialist Workers’ Party
~	Sphinx Theatre Company
~	Students of the University of Bristol (2003) – on The Abortion Act 1967
~	Students of the University of Bristol (2003) Motivations behind the Miss World Protests 1969
~	Sutcliffe, Peter– overview of the “Yorkshire Ripper” case, from the BBC
~	Tesseras, Mick, Photos of the Revolutionary Festival, February 1969
~	The Equal Pay Act 1970, from the Women and Equality Unit(UK)
~	The Nightcleaners, Part Onelisting from Lux
~	The Six Point Group
~	The Women’s Library, Catalogue of Women’s Liberation Movement resources
~	Thompson, Denise (1990) Theory and Its Difficulties
~	United Nations International Year of Womenfrom United Nations’ Womenwatch
~	Wages for Housework, from Crossroads Women’s Centre
~	Welsh Women’s Aid
~	White abortion amendment
~	Whittle, Louise (2004) Why Feminism?Worker’s Action27
~	Widgery, Dave (1977) Defending Abortion RightsLetter to Radical America, Vol.11 No.3, pp.75-77
~	Women in Action
~	Women in Politics*, Special Issue of Parliamentary Affairs, January 1996
~	Women in the House of Commons
~	Women Under Apartheid
~	Women’s Film and Video Collectives from BFI’s Screen Online
~	Women’s International NetworkNews, from Feminist.com
~	Women’s Media and Action Group
~	Women’s National Cancer Control Campaign– Contact Address
~	Women’s Studies International Quarterly
~	Women’s Aid Federation(England)
~	Working Women’s Charter, a brief description from the Trades Union Congress (TUC)
~	Yorkshire Women of the Century
~	TV Cream’s Play for Today

This list includes towns which had at least one WLM group during this period. This list is partially complete as there are probably many more groups that existed but have not been encountered in this research. Again, if you are aware of any such groups, or if you have material from any WLM groups, whether they are listed here or not, we hope that you will contact the Archive to help us to build a more complete herstory of WLM activities.

There are many cities which had groups that were defined by their within city region such as the group from the Chapeltown area of Leeds to name but one example. Listing all such groups is not possible

Key:   women’s centre      rape crisis

England Abingdon Airedale Banbury Bath Billericay Birmingham Blackpool Bolton Bournemouth Bracknell Bradford   Bridgwater Brighton Bristol   Broadbottom Cambridge Canterbury Chelmsford Cheltenham Chesterfield Chippenham Cleveland Colchester Coventry Crewe Crowley Darlington Derby Doncaster Durham East Leigh Enfield Exeter Guildford Hanley Harrogate Harrow Hatfield Hemel Hempstead, High Wycombe

Hitchin Hove Hull Hyde, Cheshire Ilford Ilkley Keele Keighley Kingston upon Thames Lancaster Leamington Leeds   Leicester Lewes Lincoln Liverpool London   Loughborough Maidstone Manchester Matlock Merseyside Medway, Kent Newcastle under Lyme Newcastle upon Tyne North Shields North Tyndale Norwich Nottingham Oxford Penzance Plymouth Poole Preston Reading Rochdale Romford Salford Sheffield Shepton Mallet

Shrewsbury Southampton Southend on Sea St. Austell Stafford Starnford le Hope Stevenage Stratford Swansea Tauton Teddington Walton on Thames Warwick Watford Weston Super Mare Weymouth Whitby Wivenhoe Wolverhampton Worcester Worthing York Scotland Aberdeen Caithness Dundee Edinburgh   Falkirk Glasgow   St. Andrews Teeside Walls (Shetland) Wales Bangor Breconshire Cardiff Monmouth Newport, Wales Oaklands

NB: Some organisations whose names were all in capital letters do not appear to have been abbreviations. In the interests of clarity, however, these organisations appear in this list with the purpose or longer name of the organisation in parenthesis.

AFFIRM	Alliance For Fair Images and Representation in the Media
ALRA	Abortion Law Reform Association
ASA	American Sociological Association
AWARE	Action for Women’s Advice, Research and Education
BSA	British Sociological Association
BUSWAG	Bradford Union of Students Women’s Action Group
CHE	Campaign for Homosexual Equality
CLAN	Committee for Lesbian Action Now
CP	Communist Party
DHSS	Department of Health and Social Security
FAST	Feminists Against Sexual Terrorism
GLF	Gay Liberation Front
IMG	International Marxist Group
IS	International Socialists (later the SWP)
ISIS	(An International Women’s Newsletter/Bulletin/Collective)
LAAG	London Abortion Action Group (becomes WACC)
MAMA	(Women Artists Together)
NAC	National Abortion Campaign
NALGO	National And Local Government Officers Association
NCCL	National Council of Civil Liberties
NOOL	National Organisation Of Lesbians
NOW	National Organisation for Women
NF	the National Front
NWAF	National Women’s Aid Federation (becomes WAF(E), Scottish Women’s Aid and Welsh Women’s Aid)
OHP	Oral History Project (of The Feminist Archive North)
PROS	Programme for the Reform Of Soliciting laws
POW	Power of Women (also known as WFH)
ROW	Rights of Women
SEQUEL	(A contact service for isolated lesbians)
SPUC	Society for the Protection of the Unborn Child
SWAT	So What’s Alternative Theatre?
SWP	Socialist Workers Party
UWL	Union of Women for Liberation
WA	Women’s Aid
WAF(E)	Women’s Aid Federation (England)
WAMM	Women Against Media Myths
WAR	Women Against Rape
YBA	Why Be A Wife? Campaign
WEA	Worker’s Educational Association
WERC	(Campaign against discrimination in education)
WFH	Wages For Housework
WIN	Women’s International Network
WINS	Women’s Information and Newsletter Service
WL	Women’s Liberation
WLM	Women’s Liberation Movement (Britain)
WLW	Women’s Liberation Workshop
WNCC	Women’s National Co-ordinating Committee
WRRC	Women’s Research and Resources Centre
WWC(C)	Working Women’s Charter (Campaign)

Demands One – Four
Passed at the National WLM Conference, Skegness 1971

1. Equal Pay

2. Equal Educational and Job Opportunities

3. Free Contraception and Abortion on Demand

4. Free 24-hour Nurseries

Five and Six
Passed at the National WLM Conference, Edinburgh 1974

5. Legal and Financial Independence for All Women

6. The Right to a Self Defined Sexuality. An End to Discrimination Against Lesbians.

In 1978 at the National WLM Conference, Birmingham, the first part of this demand was split off and put as a preface to all seven demands

The Seventh Demand
Passed at the National WLM Conference, Birmingham 1978

7. Freedom for all women from intimidation by the threat or use of violence or sexual coercion regardless of marital status; and an end to the laws, assumptions and institutions which perpetuate male dominance and aggression to women.